Claims of GVs efficacy during this time period are difficult to ascertain, given that the composition of GV dyes varied and the authors did not always describe the solutions used in their publications. 10 Throughout the first half of the 20 th century, GV was widely adopted for use in a variety of diseases including trench mouth 11, thrush 12, impetigo 13, burns 14, pinworm 15, cutaneous 16 and systemic fungal infections 17. 9 In 1928, a case of staphylococcal meningitis was also cured by intrathecal injections of GV. 8 Based upon results from Churchman, in 1925 Hinton used GV intravenously in 12 patients with severe sepsis from Gram positive organisms, of which seven patients improved. In 1912, Churchman noted the bacteriostatic action of GV against Gram-positive microorganisms both in vitro and in animal studies. 7 For the next two decades, further experimentation with GV in human subjects was abandoned. However, pyoctanin did not come into favor and its curative allegations were disputed. One physician from Vienna reported injections of pyoctanin successfully treating two cases of sarcoma 6, predating GVs use in the treatment of malignant melanoma and as an inhibitor of angiogenesis by over 120 years. Stilling made boisterous claims about pyoctanin’s therapeutic use and advocated it for wounds, ulcers and infections of the eye. ![]() 4 GV was first introduced as an antiseptic by Stilling in 1891, which he marketed as pyoctanin. 3 In 1884 Hans Gram noted the irreversible fixation of GV by Gram positive bacteria, which became the basis of the Gram stain for categorizing bacteria. ![]() 2 Grubler marketed his dye only to biologists and it was not used in textiles. Synthesis of GV was attributed French chemist Charles Lauth in 1861 under the name of ‘Violet de Paris’ 1 and was popularized by George Grubler, a German pharmacist in 1880. GV has a lengthy history and has been used successfully as monotherapy and an adjunct to treatment in a variety of diseases. Gentian violet ((GV) hexamethyl pararosaniline, also known as crystal violet, methyl violet) is a triphenylmethane dye with anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-helminithic, anti-trypanosomal, anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor properties.
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